System 01 · Pb-Sb
Lead-Antimony
Antimony content from 1% to 11%. The workhorse alloy system for flooded lead-acid batteries. Antimony improves casting fluidity and mechanical strength of battery grids, making it the standard choice for deep-cycle and industrial battery applications.
1% – 11% SbAntimony range
Flooded battery grids, terminalsPrimary applications
Improved castability, mechanical strength, corrosion resistanceKey properties
System 02 · Pb-Ca
Lead-Calcium
Calcium content from 0.03% to 0.12%. The alloy of choice for VRLA (valve-regulated) and maintenance-free batteries. Calcium reduces gassing, self-discharge, and water loss compared to antimony-based alloys.
0.03% – 0.12% CaCalcium range
VRLA batteries, maintenance-free SLIPrimary applications
Low gassing, reduced self-discharge, lower water lossKey properties
System 03 · Pb-Sn
Lead-Tin
Tin additions improve casting fluidity and enhance corrosion resistance of the positive grid. Often combined with calcium in ternary Pb-Ca-Sn systems for optimized VRLA performance.
Per customer specificationTin range
Battery grids (positive and negative), connectorsPrimary applications
Improved casting fluidity, enhanced corrosion resistanceKey properties